Posted by: Bill Hornbeck | May 30, 2008

“The god of Arminianism” by Augustus Toplady

One of the things that I appreciate most about Reformed doctrine is the glory that it gives God.  Reformed doctrine does not only recognize that God delights in lovingkindness;  Reformed doctrine recognizes that God also delights in justice.  Jeremiah 9:23-24.  And so, when God administers justice by His punishments, the Reformed are not baffled and sad as if there is an aberration in the world and as if God is defeated.  Rather, although the Reformed may tremble at the terrible power of God, they understand the righteousness of God and know that God accomplishes all of His good pleasure including the administration of justice.  
 
The Reformed understand the total depravity condition of man.  They are not surprised when man rejects Christ.  They do not believe in a god who is impotent to save.  They do not believe in a god who defers to “the alleged free-will of man” and just hopes that man will accept him.  They do not believe in a god who suffers defeats and disappointments.   
 
However, the Arminians have a very different view of God as stated by Augustus Toplady in his article “The god of Arminianism”:  “Very different is the idea which Scripture gives us, of the ever-blessed God, from that of those false gods worshipped by the heathens; and from that degrading representation of the true God, which Arminianism would palm upon mankind. Our God (says this Psalm, verse the third) is in the heavens: he hath done whatsoever he pleased. This is not the Arminian idea of God: for our free-willers and our chance-mongers tell us, that God does not do whatsoever he pleases; that there are a great number of things, which God wishes to do, and rags and strives to do, and yet cannot bring to pass … Is their god the Bible-God? Certainly not. Their god ‘submits’ to difficulties which he ‘cannot help’ himself out of, and endearours to make himself ‘easy’ under millions and millions of inextricable embarrassments, uncomfortable disappointments, and mortifying defeats. …” 
 
The Reformed believe the “Total Perfect Triumph” God of Scripture such as stated in Isaiah 46:9-11: 
“Remember the former things long past,
For I am God, and there is no other;
I am God, and there is no one like Me,
Declaring the end from the beginning,
And from ancient times things which have not been done,
Saying, ‘
My purpose will be established,
And I will accomplish all My good pleasure
‘;
Calling a bird of prey from the east,
The man of My purpose from a far country.
Truly I have spoken; truly I will bring it to pass.
I have planned it, surely I will do it.
”
Posted by: Bill Hornbeck | May 28, 2008

STRENGTHENED BY GRACE

Hebrews 13: 9 states: “Do not be carried away by varied and strange teachings; for it is good for the heart to be strengthened by grace, …”  Reformed doctrine has stayed much the same since 1600 (about the time when most of the Reformed confessions and catechisms were finished) to today. Reformed doctrine was the sole doctrine, or at least the predominant doctrine, of the Reformation and our Protestant faith until about 1800 at which time Arminianism started to increase in popularity.  So, Reformed doctrine is neither varied nor strange.  Reformed doctrine does emphasize grace, including “salvation by grace alone”.  Reformed doctrine is also known as “The Doctrines of Grace”.

Are teachings more true, because they are varied?
Are teachings more true, because they are not so easily labeled?
Are teachings more true, because it may be easier to believe in man’s work (“What shall we do, that we may work the works of God?”) than God’s grace (“This is the work of God, that you believe in Him whom He has sent.” ?  See John 6:28-29.

Are teachings more true, because it may seem more just for everyone to have an equal opportunity for salvation and that we can control salvation by our choice by free will (works), rather than to believe that salvation is controlled by God’s election (grace)?

The doctrine of our forefathers of the faith in the Reformation and the Protestant faith is not varied nor strange.  Reformed doctrine stays the same and is not ashamed to be labeled Reformed doctrine.  The Belgic Confession, The Canons of Dordt, The Heidelberg Catechism, and The Westminister Confession of Faith remain the Reformed doctrinal standards.  Although they were written about 400 years ago, they remain the rock-solid truth and yet are filled with God’s grace.

It is good for the heart to be strengthened by grace.

Posted by: Bill Hornbeck | May 22, 2008

Doctrines of Grace – Truth that glorifies God

If we approach the Doctrines of Grace (a/k/a  Reformed doctrine) primarily just to make us appreciate our salvation more, then we will tend to tolerate Arminianism as just a stepping stone to Calvinism.  Then, we will tend to view Arminianism as just a lesser appreciation of our salvation.  Then, we will tend to view Arminianism, to use a material example, like salt rather than like leaven.  With salt, we are only concerned if we add too much, and even then, there is no real damage.  We can just brush it off.  Is Arminianism like salt where there is no real harm if we add to it surrounding “good” teaching?  NO!  Can we just brush off Arminianism?  NO!   Or, is Arminianism like leaven that can corrupt the whole? YES!   Arminianism is like leaven that can corrupt the whole.                                             

We are called to “purity in doctrine”.  Titus 2: 7.   Scripture warns us against tolerating even a little false teaching.  Such false teaching can corrupt the whole surrounding “good” teaching.

Scripture keeps coming back to the importance of truth.  As the Scripture states, there are those who worship God in vain who teach or believe in doctrines based on the ideas of man.  Matthew 15: 9.  As Scripture states, those who worship God must worship in spirit and in truth.  As Scripture states, the Spirit of truth guides the saved into all the truth.  On the other hand, there are those who “did not receive the love of truth so as to be saved”.  2 Thessalonians 2: 10-13.
 
However, if we primarily approach the Doctrines of Grace as the truth that glorifies God, with only secondary concern as to whether or not it makes us appreciate our salvation more, then out of our concern for the truth, we will tend to oppose Arminianism as the opposite of truth or as the false “gospel”.  We will also tend to focus on God and how the Doctrines of Grace glorify God, rather than focusing on us (man) and how the Doctrines of Grace are more gracious or more good to us than Arminianism.  We will also tend to view Arminianism as leaven and see the urgency of purging our churches and households of it. 
Posted by: Bill Hornbeck | May 21, 2008

The Comfort of Reformed Doctrine

The Heidelberg Catechism

Lord’s Day 1

“Q & A 1

Q. What is your only comfort
   in life and in death?

A. That I am not my own,
but belong—
body and soul,
in life and in death—
to my faithful Savior Jesus Christ.

He has fully paid for all my sins with his precious blood,
and has set me free from the tyranny of the devil.
He also watches over me in such a way
that not a hair can fall from my head
without the will of my Father in heaven:
in fact, all things must work together for my salvation.

Because I belong to him,
Christ, by his Holy Spirit,
assures me of eternal life
and makes me wholeheartedly willing and ready
from now on to live for him.”

Notice the differences between Calvinism and Arminianism as shown by The Heidelberg Catechism which teaches Calvinism (a/k/a Reformed doctrine):

1.  Calvinism speaks of belonging to Christ;  Arminianism speaks of free will and freedom to chose or reject Christ including freedom even to later change your mind.

2.  Calvinism speaks of Christ blood as shed only for the Elect, by itself effective to redeem and make full payment for all of the Elect’s sins;  Arminianism speaks of Christ’s blood as shed for everyone, by itself ineffective to redeem and save anyone, unless man exercises his free will to chose and believe in Christ, but many if not most (for whom Christ died) go to hell, according to Arminians.  

3.  Calvinism recognizes the tyranny of the devil;  Arminianism claims man is free.

4.  Calvinism trusts God’s preservation of the saint;  Arminianism teaches that man can fall from grace and lose his salvation if he does not keep his faith till death.

5.  Calvinism focuses on God and comforts and assures the believer of salvation;  Arminianism focuses on man and causes the believer to be insecure and to focus on his own faith and his own works till death. 

6.  Calvinism makes me wholeheartedly willing and ready from now on to live for Him (irresistable grace);  Arminianism pleads with me to try harder to live for Him (obstructable grace).

7.  Calvinism teaches that all things must work together for my salvation;  Arminianism teaches that I must work all things for my salvation.   

Reformed doctrine not only gladly sings:  “There is Power in the Blood!” 

Reformed doctrine teaches it. 

Canons of Dordt

The Second Head of Doctrine: Christ’s Death and Human Redemption Through It

Article 8: The Saving Effectiveness of Christ’s Death

“For it was the entirely free plan and very gracious will and intention of God the Father that the enlivening and saving effectiveness of his Son’s costly death should work itself out in all his chosen ones, in order that he might grant justifying faith to them only and thereby lead them without fail to salvation.  In other words, it was God’s will that Christ through the blood of the cross (by which he confirmed the new covenant) should effectively redeem from every people, tribe, nation, and language all those and only those who were chosen from eternity to salvation and given to him by the Father; that he should grant them faith (which, like the Holy Spirit’s other saving gifts, he acquired for them by his death); that he should cleanse them by his blood from all their sins, both original and actual, whether committed before or after their coming to faith; that he should faithfully preserve them to the very end; and that he should finally present them to himself, a glorious people, without spot or wrinkle.”

 

In contrast, although Arminian doctrine also sings:  “There is Power in the Blood!”, their doctrine forces them to admit that there really is not much power in the blood according to their doctrine.  According to their “universal atonement” doctrine, Christ died for everyone and shed His blood for everyone.  But, that blood does not save anyone.  It is up to man to exercise his free will and chose Christ in order to make that blood effective to save.  According to the Arminian, there are many in hell for whom Christ died.  The blood did not save them, because they did not exercise their free will to choose Christ to make that blood effective to save.

If it is up to man, how can man produce and keep enough faith throughout life to save himself?  No wonder Arminians are always anxious and insecure!  No wonder Arminians are always focusing on man!

But, the Calvinist knows that he can trust God to produce all that he needs for salvation, including faith.  No wonder the Calvinist is secure and at peace!  No wonder Calvinists are always focusing on God!  There is Power in the Blood!      

Posted by: Bill Hornbeck | May 14, 2008

Luke 14:16-24: Total Depravity and Irresistible Grace

The parable in Luke 14:16-24 portrays two major points of TULIP, the Reformed doctrine of salvation:  Total Depravity and Irresistible Grace.
 
“But He said to him, “A man was giving a big dinner, and he invited many;  and at the dinner hour he sent his slave to say to those who had been invited, ‘Come; for everything is ready now.’
                             

TOTAL DEPRAVITY-

“But they all alike began to make excuses. The first one said to him, ‘I have bought a piece of land and I need to go out and look at it; please consider me excused.’  “Another one said, ‘I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I am going to try them out; please consider me excused.’  “Another one said, ‘I have married a wife, and for that reason I cannot come.’

IRRESISTABLE GRACE-

 “And the slave came back and reported this to his master. Then the head of the household became angry and said to his slave, ‘Go out at once into the streets and lanes of the city and bring in here the poor and crippled and blind and lame.’  “And the slave said, ‘Master, what you commanded has been done, and still there is room.’  “And the master said to the slave, ‘Go out into the highways and along the hedges, and compel them to come in, so that my house may be filled.

‘For I tell you, none of those men who were invited shall taste of my dinner.'”  (Emphasis added.).

The Arminian thinks all we need to do to bring people into the kingdom of God is invite them.  Surely, they think, they are wise and good enough to accept an invitation to something as good as a heavenly feast.

The Calvinist recognizes the Total Depravity of man as described in Scripture.  The Calvinist recognizes the need for God to exercise His sovereign power of Irresistible Grace to bring people to Christ and to the heavenly feast. 

See my web site www.reformeddoctrine.org for a much fuller explanation of Total Depravity, Irresistible Grace, and the other Five Points of Calvinism known as TULIP. 

Posted by: Bill Hornbeck | May 13, 2008

” … for I delight in these things …”

Reformed doctrine is the best summary of Scripture.  It recognizes and teaches the full reach of God’s sovereignty.  It knows and understands that God is an active God accomplishing all of His good pleasure.  It knows and understands in what God delights.  The Reformed also delight in what God delights.   “Thus says the LORD, “Let not a wise man boast of his wisdom, and let not the mighty man boast of his might, let not a rich man boast of his riches;  but let him who boasts boast of this, that he understands and knows Me, that I am the LORD who exercises lovingkindness, justice and righteousness on earth; for I delight in these things,” declares the LORD.”  Jeremiah 9:23-24.
                  
And so, we look to Scripture as to what things, in addition to the lovingkindness, justice and righteousness, that God delights in.  Here are some examples.  
 
God delights in justice. 
“Then you shall be left few in number, whereas you were as numerous as the stars of heaven, because you did not obey the LORD your God. “It shall come about that as the LORD delighted over you to prosper you, and multiply you, so the LORD will delight over you to make you perish and destroy you; and you will be torn from the land where you are entering to possess it.  “Moreover, the LORD will scatter you among all peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end of the earth; and there you shall serve other gods, wood and stone, which you or your fathers have not known.”  Deuteronomy 28: 62-64
                   
God delights in uprightness. 
1 Chronicles 29:17
“Since I know, O my God, that You try the heart and delight in uprightness, I, in the integrity of my heart, have willingly offered all these things; so now with joy I have seen Your people, who are present here, make their offerings willingly to You.”
                          
God delights in His elect.
                    
2 Chronicles 9:8
“Blessed be the LORD your God who delighted in you, setting you on His throne as king for the LORD your God; because your God loved Israel establishing them forever, therefore He made you king over them, to do justice and righteousness.”
                  
Psalm 18:19
He brought me forth also into a broad place;  He rescued me, because He delighted in me.
                        
Psalm 22:8
“Commit yourself to the LORD; let Him deliver him;  Let Him rescue him, because He delights in him.”
                 
Psalm 35:27
Let them shout for joy and rejoice, who favor my vindication;And let them say continually, “The LORD be magnified, Who delights in the prosperity of His servant.”
                          
God even delights in the steps of His elect.  That should encourage us in the midst of our journeys, work, trials, and tribulations. 
Psalm 37:23
“The steps of a man are established by the LORD, And He delights in his way.”
              
Proverbs 3:12
“For whom the LORD loves He reproves, Even as a father corrects the son in whom he delights.”
                         
God delights in wisdom. 
Proverbs 8:30
“Then I (Wisdom) was beside Him, as a master workman;
         And I was daily His delight,
         Rejoicing always before Him,”
 
                                                      
God even delights in something as simple as an accurate scale.  
Proverbs 11:1
“A false balance is an abomination to the LORD, But a just weight is His delight.”
 
Proverbs 11:20
“The perverse in heart are an abomination to the LORD, But the blameless in their walk are His delight.”
                         
Proverbs 12:22
“Lying lips are an abomination to the LORD, But those who deal faithfully are His delight.”
                   

God delights in our prayers.

Proverbs 15:8
“The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination to the LORD, But the prayer of the upright is His delight.”

Christ delights in His bride, the Church.

Song of Solomon 7:6
“How beautiful and how delightful you are, My love, with all your charms!”

God delights in His son, our LORD Jesus Christ. 
“Behold, My Servant, whom I uphold;  My chosen one in whom My soul delights I have put My Spirit upon Him; He will bring forth justice to the nations.”
 
In conclusion, God delights in His unchanging love.    
Micah 7:18
“Who is a God like You, who pardons iniquity And passes over the rebellious act of the remnant of His possession?  He does not retain His anger forever, Because He delights in unchanging love.”
                  
Isn’t the following Ephesians 1: 3-12 the best summary both of God’s unchanging love and of Reformed doctrine?!
“Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ, just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and blameless before Him”
                       
“In love He predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the kind intention of His will, to the praise of the glory of His grace, which He freely bestowed on us in the Beloved.”
           

 “In Him we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of His grace which He lavished on us.”

“In all wisdom and insight He made known to us the mystery of His will, according to His kind intention which He purposed in Him with a view to an administration suitable to the fullness of the times, that is, the summing up of all things in Christ, things in the heavens and things on the earth.”

“In Him also we have obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to His purpose who works all things after the counsel of His will, to the end that we who were the first to hope in Christ would be to the praise of His glory.”

Amen. 

Posted by: Bill Hornbeck | May 12, 2008

Strive to Enter by the Narrow Door

Remember Jesus’ words in Luke 13: 24:  “Strive to enter by the narrow door;  for many, I tell you, will seek to enter and not be able.” Likewise, Jesus tells us in Matthew 7: 12:  “Enter by the narrow gate; for the gate is wide, and the way is broad that leads to destruction, and many are those who enter by it. For the gate is small, and the way is narrow that leads to life, and few are those who find it.”  
                                             
                                     
Arminianism may be compared to a wide bridge in the sense that it holds that Christ died for everybody.  Everybody has a chance to be saved.  However, the Arminian will be the first to admit that not everyone is saved.  The bridge is broad, but it only goes across one-half of the stream.  Man must take a “leap of faith” to get to salvation’s shore.
                                                       
In comparison to the wide bridge of Arminianism, Calvinism is like a  narrow bridge, because salvation is only available for the Elect.  But, unlike the Arminian bridge which only goes half-way across the stream, Calvinism’s narrow bridge completely crosses the stream, because God handles and provides all the points of salvation.  Yes, The Arminian bridge is wide and open to all, but only those who take a big enough leap of faith will be saved.  In Calvinism, because Man is so totally depraved (first point of Calvinism) that he is “dead” in sin, hostile to God, cannot please God, cannot understand the things of God, and is in bondage to sin and Satan, God must and does make His elect “born again” or “alive” or “draw” them to Christ, or else no one would believe and be saved.  God must and does everything for His elect, including giving them faith, sanctifying them, and preserving them to salvation, so that all the elect will be saved.  For example, see the golden chain of salvation set forth in Romans 8: 29-30. 
                            

   
In conclusion, Arminianism rests on “the wisdom of man” while Calvinism rests on “the power of God”.  Should our faith rest on man’s choice – “the wisdom of man” – or God’s work – “the power of God”?  Certainly, Arminianism is more attractive and wise and just to our natural human mind to believe that everyone has an equal opportunity to be saved and to believe in free will and to believe in sufficient goodness in man and to believe that salvation is ultimately controlled by us as to whether or not we will choose Christ and be saved.  However, our faith should not rest on the wisdom of men (Arminianism) but on power of God (Calvinism). See I Corinthians 2: 5. 

Posted by: Bill Hornbeck | May 7, 2008

Limited Atonement: “Power in the Blood!

Limited Atonement is the “L” in TULIP, the Five Points of Calvinism, the Reformed doctrine of salvation.  This is the “deal breaker” for many Arminians who may be sympathetic to the other points of Calvinism, but they strongly and emotionally reject this Calvinist point of Limited Atonement.  Rather than hide or minimize the importance of this point, let us take on this point in the beginning of this new blog.

 

For the Calvinist, Christ’s atonement is limited in the sense that Christ’s atonement applies to only a limited number of people which are “the Elect”.  In other words, Christ only died for the Elect.  However, Christ’s death, which we can also describe as “His blood”, completely purchased, redeemed, and saved every one of His people, the Elect, providing all the benefits necessary for salvation including the gift of faith.  “Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ, just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and blameless before Him  In love He predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the kind intention of His will, to the praise of the glory of His grace, which He freely bestowed on us in the Beloved.  In Him we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses according to the riches of His grace which He lavished on us.  …”  Ephesians 1:3-8  (Emphasis added.)  For the Calvinist, there is truly Almighty Power in this Blood!  For an expanded description of Limited Atonement, you can go to my web site www.reformeddoctrine.org to the TULIP link.

 

In contrast, the Arminian believes in “Universal Atonement” which maintains that Christ died for everyone.  At first glance, that may seem fairer, more “democratic”.  Everybody has a chance to be saved.  But, the Arminian will be the first to admit that Christ’s blood, which they believe was shed for everyone, did not purchase or save everyone, because many, indeed most, will go to hell.  The Arminian believes that the difference and determining factor between those who go to hell and those who go to heaven is not the blood, because everyone gets the blood.  The Arminian believes that the difference and determining factor between those who go to hell and those who go to heaven is man’s free will act of faith.  For the Arminian, there is not much power in the blood;  the power is in man’s free will act of faith. 

 

What does Scripture state about the importance of how we view Christ’s blood?   

      

“For if we go on sinning willfully after receiving the knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins, but a certain terrifying expectation of judgment, and THE FURY OF A FIRE WHICH WILL CONSUME THE ADVERSARIES. Anyone who has set aside the Law of Moses dies without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses. How much severer punishment do you think he will deserve who has trampled under foot the Son of God, and has regarded as unclean the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified, and has insulted the Spirit of grace? For we know Him who said: “VENGEANCE IS MINE, I WILL REPAY.” And again, THE LORD WILL JUDGE HIS PEOPLE.” It is a terrifying thing to fall into the hands of the living God.” Hebrews 10:26-31.

 

 

I think this Scripture applies to Arminians who steadfastly continue to hang on to Arminianism despite receiving knowledge of the truth of Calvinism. They hang on to the false doctrine that Jesus died for everyone (“Universal Atonement” – The Third Point of Arminianism) and they love to speak about the power in Christ’s blood. But, Arminians realize that their doctrine forces them to conclude that Christ’s blood (as they claim, shed for everyone) by itself did not save, “purchase”, nor “redeem” anyone, because they admit that most people are not saved. Arminians claim that it is up to man to generate his own faith through his own free will in order to make Christ’s blood effective to save. They claim that the only difference between the saved and the unsaved is not Christ’s blood, because everyone gets the blood, but rather the only difference is whether or not a certain individual will generate his own faith through his own free will to make the blood effective. According to this logic of these Arminians, man’s free will act of faith, not Christ’s blood, is the determining factor as to whether or not one will be saved. 

 

Because Arminians talk about the blood all the time, it is true that in a sense they are trampling it, not in the sense of being hateful to it but in the sense of treating it as ineffective by itself, like the description in Matthew 5: 13: “…if the salt has become tasteless, how will it be made salty again? It is good for nothing anymore, except to be thrown out and trampled under foot by men.”
This Hebrews 10:26-31 Scripture does not apply to the person who steadfastly rejects Christ. That person did not receive the knowledge of truth as stated in Hebrews 10:26. That person is not sanctified, so to speak, as is stated in Hebrews 10:29. That person does not talk about the blood of Christ. Rather, this Hebrews 10:26-31 Scripture speaks about those received or were exposed to knowledge of the truth and were sanctified so to speak but nevertheless denied the power of the blood and insulted the Spirit of grace. This Scripture applies to Arminians who love to talk about Christ’s blood all the time, but who really treat Christ’s blood as ineffective by itself , that it does not actually “save”, “purchase”, nor “redeem” anyone, because Arminians  teach that most people are not saved and that it is up to man to generate his own faith through his own free will in order to make Christ’s blood effective to save.
Please understand that Pastors, Teachers, and Churches do not call themselves “Arminians”.  You will need to determine whether or not they teach Arminian doctrine.  Do they focus on man and man’s free will?  Or, do they focus on God, God’s election and predestination, and God providing everything necessary for salvation?  Did Christ actually purchase, redeem, and save individuals with His blood?  Was it a true sacrifice and purchase for specific people?  Or, did Christ only make possible for all men to be saved depending on whether or not they choose to exercise their free will of faith?  
In conclusion, study TULIP, the Five Points of Calvinism.  Study the difference in Calvinism doctrine and Arminianism doctrine.  Study Scripture to determine which doctrine is “sound doctrine” supported by Scripture.   

 

According to Theologian B. B. Warfield, Calvinism focuses on God:  “It begins, it centers, and it ends with the vision of God in His glory: and it sets itself before all things to render to God His rights in every sphere of life activity.” 
 
“It is the vision of God in His majesty, in a word, that lies at the foundation of Calvinistic thinking,”:  states Theologian B. B. Warfield.
 
Westminster Shorter Catechism states it this way:  “Man’s chief end is to glorify God and to enjoy him for ever”.  It is my hope that this blog will help us to glorify God and to enjoy him for ever.  Toward these goals, let us realize God’s TOTAL PERFECT TRIUMPH:
1.  God has made a perfect plan: TOTAL in scope and PERFECTLY demonstrating all the components of His will, including God’s lovingkindness, justice, and righteousness, all designed for God’s glory and TRIUMPH. 
2.  God perfectly executes his plan: TOTALLY accomplishing every detail, PERFECTLY accomplishing every detail, and TRIUMPHANTLY accomplishing every detail.
3.  God’s people “shout for joy”!
 
“Be glad in the LORD and rejoice you righteous ones, And shout for joy all you who are upright in heart.”  Psalm 32:11.

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